A harmonised in-stream water quality guideline was constructed for the Upper and Middle Vaal Water Management Areas (WMAs) using ideal catchment background values for the sub-catchments; Vaal dam, Vaal barrage, Klip River ...

The Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (DWAF) sells raw water to water boards, generally at a fixed price determined annually. The cost of this water does generally not take into account the quality that the water ...

While definite benefits could be gained from integrating the management of natural and human systems, taking into account the effects of human activities on the environment, the task of operationalising and implementing ...

Arid and semi-arid regions are prone to severe water inadequacies. They are characterized by little rainfall resulting in several seasonal rivers. Seasonal riverbeds provide opportunity for water to be stored in river’s ...

With an increasingly urbanised population, further study was necessary to determine if water could be used more efficiently by applying efficient tariff structures in combination with decision support tools in the form of ...

This study attempted to address possible solutions to water demand management for the improvement of efficient use of a given volume of water while increasing water access to new users; application of water demand management ...