Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/10321/2221
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dc.contributor.authorMohiuddin, Ebrahimen_US
dc.contributor.authorIsa, Yusuf Makarfien_US
dc.contributor.authorMdleleni, Masikana M.en_US
dc.contributor.authorSincadu, Nonyamekoen_US
dc.contributor.authorKey, Daviden_US
dc.contributor.authorTshabalala, Thembaen_US
dc.date.accessioned2017-02-02T05:30:07Z-
dc.date.available2017-02-02T05:30:07Z-
dc.date.issued2016-
dc.identifier.citationMohiuddin, E. et al. 2016. Synthesis of ZSM-5 from impure and beneficiated Grahamstown kaolin: Effect of kaolinite content, crystallisation temperatures and time. Applied Clay Science. 119: 213-221.en_US
dc.identifier.issn0169-1317 (print)-
dc.identifier.issn1872-9053 (online)-
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10321/2221-
dc.description.abstractRaw kaolin obtained from Grahamstown, South Africa was beneficiated using wet sieving and filtration before use in the synthesis of ZSM-5 zeolite via hydrothermal treatment at various temperatures (120–190 °C) and times (24–96 h) under autogenous pressure. The impacts of kaolinite content and crystallisation parameters (i.e. temperature and time) on ZSM-5 formation were investigated. The mineralogical phases, morphology, sur-face area and porosity characteristics of the synthesised materials were investigated using XRF, XRD, FT-IR, HRSEM-EDS and N2 physisorption (BET) analyses. Catalytic tests were carried out in a fixed bed reactor, WHSV of 8 h−1 and a temperature of 350 °C at atmospheric pressure using 1-hexene as a feed. Beneficiation decreased the impurity content in the clay and increased kaolinite content which resulted in the formation of pure ZSM-5 zeolite. XRD and HR-SEM revealed that ZSM-5 synthesised from raw kaolin contained quartz and formed a ZSM- 5/quartz coated composite. Temperature and time were critical in controlling phase purity and crystallinity of ZSM-5. At a synthesis temperature of 190 °C ZSM-5 transformed into a more thermodynamically stable quartz phase. The optimum condition for synthesising pure ZSM-5 from this clay was found to be 150 °C for 48 h. Morphology, surface area and porosity of ZSM-5 changed with an increase in crystallisation time. ZSM-5 with a high external surface area and presence of mesopores were observed in products synthesised at 150 °C for 24 h. Microporosity further developed as time increased and the ZSM-5 became more crystalline. The catalyst performance studies indicated that the ZSM-5 synthesised from raw and beneficiated kaolin at crystallisation conditions 150 °C and 48 h had good 1-hexene transformation activity and high selectivity to gasoline range hydrocarbons. The presence of quartz in the catalyst enhanced catalyst stability and selectivity to C10+ hydrocarbons.en_US
dc.format.extent9 pen_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherElsevieren_US
dc.relation.ispartofApplied clay science (Online)en_US
dc.subjectKaolinen_US
dc.subjectZSM-5en_US
dc.subjectQuartzen_US
dc.subjectCrystallisation parametersen_US
dc.subject1-Hexeneen_US
dc.titleSynthesis of ZSM-5 from impure and beneficiated Grahamstown kaolin : effect of kaolinite content, crystallisation temperatures and timeen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
dc.publisher.urihttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2015.10.008en_US
dc.dut-rims.pubnumDUT-005347en_US
dc.description.availabilityCopyright: 2016. Elsevier. Due to copyright restrictions, only the abstract is available. For access to the full text item, please consult the publisher's website. The definitive version of the work is published in Applied Clay Science, Vol 119. Pp 213-221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2015.10.008en_US
dc.identifier.doihttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2015.10.008-
item.fulltextNo Fulltext-
item.openairecristypehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_18cf-
item.languageiso639-1en-
item.openairetypeArticle-
item.grantfulltextnone-
item.cerifentitytypePublications-
Appears in Collections:Research Publications (Applied Sciences)
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