Theses and dissertations (Management Sciences)

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Citizen perceptions on solid waste collection services : a case of uMhlathuze Local Municipality
(2025-05) Gumede, Thokozani Emmanuel; Murwirapachena, Genius
South African municipalities face serious solid waste collection challenges in undertaking solid waste collection. The literature identifies several reasons for municipalities not performing optimally regarding the provision of solid waste collection services. Public service delivery protests are among the consequences of poor solid waste collection services in South Africa. This study aimed to examine citizen perceptions towards solid waste collection services at the uMhlathuze Local Municipality, a municipality with ongoing solid waste collection challenges. A crosssectional research design was used where quantitative data collected from 385 residents from the municipal were analysed using the factor analysis technique. Results showed that residents are aware of the health hazards associated with poor solid waste collection within the municipality and reported the view that solid waste management policies and strategies should be reviewed. Therefore, the study recommends possible solutions towards improved solid waste management at the uMhlathuze Local Municipality.
Overcrowding of short-term offenders and remand detainees in South Africa : evidence from Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal
(2025-05) Carries, Natasha Alona; Lombo, Sipho
This study aimed to highlight the effects of prison overcrowding in Pietermaritzburg Management Area in KwaZulu Natal by acquiring knowledge about and seeking alternatives to imprisonment for the two categories of offenders in this study. The study endeavoured to address, implement and redress in relation to the overcrowding experienced in correctional centres. It presented a complete evaluation of research on the causes and consequences of overcrowding, drew conclusions, and proposed solutions. It is unfortunate that the correctional system is unable to keep up with the influx of new offenders, leading to a number of other challenges within the system. Overall, the study argues the need to put into effect innovative options to address the circumstances which lead to overcrowding, such as providing access to redirection programmes and public protection, whilst promoting restorative justice. Prison overcrowding is a significant problem in South Africa, which has amongst the highest numbers of incarceration in the world. This is not a new problem in South Africa as it has been recurring for several decades. In this study, overcrowding refers to a situation when the total number of offenders in a correctional centre exceeds the capability to conveniently accommodate prisoners, whilst ensuring their security at the same time. number of people being sent to correctional centres has drastically increased, leading to prison overcrowding. The comments and the outcry from the populace indicate that government is not doing enough to curb the underlying increase in the crime rate, which will lessen overcrowding. Alternatives to imprisonment are necessary, and the Justice Department needs to refer to the sentencing guidelines in South Africa when a term of imprisonment is the only option in order for sentencing to be fair and not biased in any way. According to Statistics South Africa, the numbers are increasing with a yearly growth rate of an increase in the prison population and the lack of adequate facilities to house offenders, both remand detainees and sentenced offenders, is a major contributing factor. This in turn affects the safety, human rights and health of offenders, officials, the community at large, as well as the effectiveness of the justice system in fulfilling its purpose of rehabilitation. The phenomenon becomes a burden on the taxpayers as there are insufficient finances to provide for offenders' needs whilst incarcerated. Another major problem causing overcrowding in prisons in South Africa is the high crime rate, especially of violent crimes. Due to this high crime rate, the The research study also highlighted the importance of the reduction of offenders and remand detainees in prison by offering alternatives such as making use of the free bail for remand detainees and offering alternatives to imprisonment for the category of short-term offenders who are incarcerated for economic crimes, which are considered to be less violent or serious. Furthermore, the study examined the causes and solutions to overcrowding, which include the impact thereof on offenders, officials and the community at large. Addressing overcrowding is critical as it will ensure that offenders' human rights are upheld, which is necessary to prepare them for release back into society. Over the past years, various approaches have been taken into consideration to deal with overcrowding. Many amnesties have been granted by various successive Presidents of the country, but to no avail. Overcrowding remains an issue which is a threat to the Justice system of South Africa. The situation needs the Government of the day to join forces with the two Departments, namely the Department of Justice and the Department of Correctional Services, along with the involvement of communities. This research study collected data through a qualitative method using interview schedules. Officials directly affected by the overcrowding from both the Department of Correctional Services and the Department of Justice in the Pietermaritzburg area, formed part of the focus group of individuals who offered insight and possible solutions to the overcrowding currently being experienced.
Exploring innovation in promoting tourism for sustainable development : a case of uMkhanyakude District Municipality, KwaZulu-Natal
(2025-05) Simelane, Brian V.; Chili, Nsizwazikhona Simon
According to Marchesani, Masciarelli and Ceci (2024), municipalities that are doing well and becoming more competitive are responding to new emerging trends and specific traveller preferences, the growing importance of social media, and mobile internet marketing. Calitz and Cullen (2017:1) state that a key component of a municipality's expansion to promote economic development is the recognition of trends in destination marketing, to increase marketability when compared to worldclass municipalities. The aim of the current study was to explore the innovative ways used by the uMkhanyakude District Municipality (UKDM) to promote tourism and sustainable development. Evidence shows that there is increased responsibility on local governments in tourism destination planning and management to facilitate and promote local tourism in rural communities through the lens of innovation. In this day and age, it is not enough for tourism businesses to rely solely on the traditional media for marketing and promotion. An influx of tourists in UKDM can be achieved through the usage of innovative tourism promotion strategies (internet, mobile phones, social media, viral marketing, mobile commerce, and video marketing etc.) and capacitating tourism practitioners at local government level to undertake effective tourism promotion and marketing to effectively respond to increasingly sophisticated market needs and trends. Analysing the market needs thorough research to disclose all the challenges that the municipalities may come across in promoting and growing the tourism industry in the UKDM and the adjacent communities to expedite their welfare through promotion and sustainable economic development to enhance tourism promotion and development. Moreover, an information gap exists in UKDM on the use of innovative ways to promote sustainable tourism development, as the district seems to rely mostly on the conventional ways of promotion (district-wide state-of-the-art information centres, glossy Elephant Coast destination brochures, and attending domestic and international trade and consumer shows). New tourism promotion efforts are essential for tourism businesses and the municipalities in the area for enhancement in tourism development which will boost the municipality’s ailing economy. This research explored the innovative ways used by the UKDM in promoting sustainable tourism development and the challenges they encounter in promoting and growing the visitor numbers in uMkhanyakude District Municipality. A qualitative research methodology was utilised to collect primary data through semi-structured interviews for this study and a case study approach was used to explore innovation in promoting sustainable tourism development from uMkhanyakude District Municipality’s tourism practitioners. The study reveals that social media can be used more efficiently than traditional communication channels, with executives in the tourism industry declaring that, like any other business, tourism organisations need to participate in social media marketing platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, X, blogs, forums, and media sharing sites. These media sharing sites are facilitating communication between tourism stakeholders and municipality managers on issues such as improving the images of tourism destinations. They also assist in making past or future tourism plans and establishing direct communication with tourism destinations. The main reason for this is that travellers are constantly using social media before planning their trips, during their trips, and at the end of their trips to share their travel experiences. As a result, social media tools are regarded as effective means of publicising tourist destinations. Findings from the primary study revealed that most of the municipal entities do not use social media as part of their promotion techniques. There is a need for full adoption of the contemporary mechanisms used by tourism municipal destinations around the world. The few tourism entities that use contemporary mechanisms of promotion are only using it for Integrated Development Plan (IDP) roadshows and where tourism is blended with other municipal activities for example in a website, the mechanisms are hardly visited and updated with new and interesting information. In light of the current lack of adoption of the contemporary mechanisms, this reveals a dire need for adoption and usage of such promotion methods as they are cost-effective and suitable for promotion, development and improvement of tourism in uMkhanyakude District Municipality. The results suggest that social media is of strategic importance in promoting tourism.
Prospects and challenges of coastal tourism in the Kwa-Zulu Natal province of South Africa
(2025-05) Rabson, Mudefi; Chili, Nsizwazikhona Simon
The research explored prospects and challenges of coastal tourism in KwaZulu Natal Province of South Africa. The research employed a mixed-methods approach. Primary data is gathered through interviews with key stakeholders in the tourism industry, tourism operators, and government officials. Additionally, surveys were conducted with tourists in KwaZulu Natal to gain insights into their perspectives, preferences, and satisfaction levels. The aesthetic beauty of the coastline offers significant opportunities for tourism development. The province’s strategic location, accessibility, and well-established tourism infrastructure further contribute to its potential as a premier coastal destination. However, the research identified challenges which hinder sustainable coastal tourism development. Environmental concerns such as pollution, habitat degradation, and climate change impact affect the coastal ecosystems, requiring effective management strategies. The research highlighted the significance of involving local communities in decision-making process, promoting cultural heritage preservation, and ensuring equitable distribution of tourism benefits. Collaboration between government bodies, private sector entities, and community organisations is crucial for addressing these challenges and fostering sustainable coastal tourism in KwaZulu Natal. Recommendations are provided for all stakeholders involved. By adopting sustainable practices, preserving natural and cultural assets, and fostering community participation, KwaZulu Natal Province can unlock the full potential of its coastal tourism sector.
Multicultural education as a strategy for peace in schools
(2025-05) Mazibuko, Francina Lethiwe; Kaye, Sylvia Blanche; Ngidi, Lucia Zithobile
This study addresses the urgent need for multicultural education in South African schools, considering the challenges posed by a diverse demographic landscape and the prevalence of violence, xenophobia, and tribalism. The study is prompted by the limited focus on issues beyond race, particularly concerning the experiences of migrant learners facing difficulties related to language, cultural differences, and social integration. The absence of explicit multicultural education in the school curriculum exacerbates these challenges, contributing to violence and exclusion. This study was aimed at exploring the potential of multicultural education in fostering a worldview that promotes peace, cultural competency, and positive socialisation within South African schools. By employing the integrative theory of peace as a theoretical framework, the research aimed to conceptualise how multicultural education can be strategically integrated into the education curriculum to address violence, promote tolerance, and empower learners and teachers. The research methodology involved a qualitative approach, utilising interviews, focus groups, and direct observation in an action research setting. The study was conducted in an independent school in Pinetown, KwaZulu-Natal, with a diverse population of learners and educators. Triangulation was employed to ensure the validity, reliability and trustworthiness of the findings, and ethical considerations prioritised participant well-being and informed consent. The research objectives included exploring the overall role of multicultural education, investigating perceptions of different cultures, forming an action research team to suggest multicultural education components, and testing the outcomes of the intervention strategy. The central research question examined whether multicultural education could contribute to developing and maintaining peace while fostering a worldview that embraces diversity in schools. The findings reveal the potential of multicultural education to bring about a paradigm shift, empower learners, and contribute to positive social dynamics, contribute to teaching respect and regard for other culture and thus lead to peaceful existence in different cultural groups. The study concludes by emphasizing the importance of integrating multicultural education into the South African school curriculum as a crucial strategy for promoting peace, understanding, and embracing the nation's cultural diversity.
Reducing long-term communal violence in Isiolo County, Northern Kenya
(2025-05) Maelo, Frederick Wanjala; Harris, Geoffrey Thomas; Kaye, Sylvia Blanche
Several variables have transformed the landscape of farmers-pastoralists’ conflict in Kenya and many other East African countries into what is undoubtedly violent and linked to larger political, economic, and social forces. Integration and clan interactions among the various farmers-pastoralist communities of Northern Kenya and the broader Horn of Africa region have been characterized by violence in the recent past, which has been linked with cattle rustling, communal tensions, expulsions, and massacres. Isiolo South borders Meru County, Garissa Laikipia, and Tana River counties are no exception. However, most of the violence reported involves Meru and Borana, Borana and Somali of Garissa and Borana, and communities living in Tana River County. The majority of people living in this county are from Borana communities. This study explored the nature, extent, trends, causes, and consequences of conflict and violence; the interventions were previously undertaken to reduce conflict and violence among farmer-herders’ communities and followed an action research framework to plan and implement interventions to reduce conflict and violence among the communities and evaluated the short-term outcome of the intervention. The study used dialogue to develop understanding and build good relationships among the communities in Isiolo County (Borana, Somali, and Meru) to reduce conflict and violence. Six (6) dialogue sessions were conducted involving the community members from the conflicting communities and the action team of 15 members, the district peace community, and civil societies. Dialogue was demonstrated as a conflict transformation technique that brings communities together, removes misunderstandings, educates, and informs. Through discussion, the opposing communities of Isiolo County achieved mutual understanding, which led to an investigation of the fundamental problem of conflict and violence. The accord resulted in official negotiations aimed at reducing longterm conflict and violence. The research contributes valuable insights and practical strategies for addressing communal violence in Isiolo County. It highlights the importance of building resilient communities through dialogue, education, and empowerment while emphasizing the need for continuous and adaptive approaches. To achieve enduring peace, stakeholders must commit to addressing the root causes of conflict and creating an enabling environment where all communities can coexist harmoniously and thrive collectively.
The implications of performance appraisal on organizational effectiveness for basic education department in iLembe District
(2025-05) Zuma, Noluthando Nolwazi; Chazireni, Bobo
The research investigated ILembe District of Basic Education’s appraisal system, specifically focusing on its implications on organizational effectiveness. In order to improve performance in the workplace, performance appraisals serve as a measurement of employee performance and help employees upgraded their competencies based on the gaps identified during the performance appraisal. Performance appraisals enable managers and supervisors to identify performance gaps, and then introduce training to address the gaps. In this way, the overall effectiveness of the organization and the service delivery continue to improve. A performance appraisal can also be an effective way of motivating employees to do better than expected as part of Human Resources Management. Providing rewards for good performance can be a good way to recognize employees. The main aim of this research was to understand critique and recommend effective strategies for the employees appraisal system at iLembe District of basic education. In order to achieve this, the study had four objectives, that is, to establish the department appraisal system; to determine the extent of implementation in the district; to ascertain the level of effectiveness; and to recommend effective strategies. The study uitilised quantitative research methodology on a target population of 200 employees permanently employed at ILembe Department of Education District office. Purposive sampling was used to select participants of the study and S.P.S.S software was used to perform data analysis.
An evaluation of green human resource management practices as an approach to environmental/organisational sustainability : a case study of a private tertiary institution, in Durban South Africa
(2025-05) Bangura, Samuel; Lourens, Melanie Elizabeth
The overall aim of this study is to evaluate the green human resource management practice of green recruitment and selection as an innovative approach to environmental/organisational sustainability and to propose a framework for green human resource management through the lens of green recruitment and selection. The problem to be examined in this study is that the organisation under study conducts an induction and orientation program for newly hired employees but fails to provide instruction regarding their work and responsibilities in terms of environmental and organisational sustainability. In addition, the organisational management is equally not providing any awareness programs about the green environment, thus leading to the lack of knowledge on green environmental practices such as green recruitment and selection - a significant function of green human resource management that has the potential to leverage environmental and organisational sustainability. Furthermore, it is evident that for recruitment and selection purposes, the company is applying various tests rather than using e-selection or telephone interview/video conferencing, thereby increasing the usage of carbon footprints, high costs, and more time to conduct the recruitment and selection process. The three main objectives of the study were to examine green human resource management practices; describe factors that enable and constrain green human resource management practices such as green recruitment and selection in leveraging organisational sustainability; analyse the effect of the green recruitment and selection of human resource management practices on environmental/organisational sustainability; and propose a framework for the development implementation of green recruitment and selection to enhance organisational sustainability. The research was quantitative, and a pre-coded structured close-ended questionnaire plotted on a five (5) Point Likert Scale was used to administer the instrument to the chosen sample respondents. The questionnaire covered three (3) Sections, each premised on a topic related to the research problem. The target population consisted of two thousand and two hundred (n=2200) employees of a private tertiary educational institution in Durban from which three hundred and twenty-four (n=324) were selected as the sampling population. This embodied a high response rate for a quantitative study. After the study was completed, the thesis was subjected to anti-plagiarism software turnitin program to test for plagiarism, and this proved useful. The quantitative data were clustered into input and output variables which were regressed with SPSS version 29.0. descriptive and inferential statistics encompassing factor analysis and structural equation modelling (SEM) were equally used to further explore the data. A relevant test for assessing reliability was recognised in this study. Following these processes, some important findings were as follows: Findings from the study confirmed that green recruitment and selection is a critical component in fostering a sustainable organisational culture. The findings further indicate that effective green recruitment practices not only attract environmentally conscious candidates but also enhance overall organisational awareness and commitment to sustainability. Furthermore, environmental consciousness emerged as a vital element in the organisation’s sustainability efforts. The positive relationship between environmental consciousness and both green recruitment and selection and sustainable leadership suggests that fostering an environmentally aware culture within the organisation is crucial. The findings posit that sustainable leadership was found to be significantly influenced by both green recruitment and selection and environmental consciousness. The study demonstrates that leadership plays a pivotal role in driving sustainability initiatives and shaping the organisational culture. It was also revealed that biographical Influences are significant. The study also revealed that demographic factors such as age, tenure, and position within the organisation significantly influence perceptions of the three key dimensions. Younger employees, those with shorter tenure, and those in teaching roles generally had more positive perceptions of the organisation’s sustainability practices. With these findings, a proposed exploratory framework for the private tertiary educational institution will benefit and help in increasing efficiency, cost reduction, eliminating environmental waste, and fostering green behaviour among selected job candidates eventually leading to environmental and organisational sustainability. The study completes with recommendations and areas for further search in this green human resource management an emerging area in the human resource management domain.
Institutionalising entrepreneurship education as a strategic approach to enhance entrepreneurial spirit in selected schools in KwaZulu-Natal
(2025-05) Qwabe, Bongani Penuel; Lekhanya, Lawrence Mpele
The institutionalisation of entrepreneurship education in South African schools is essential for youth empowerment and addressing critical socio-economic challenges such as unemployment, poverty, and inequality. Despite its potential to foster innovation and drive economic development, its implementation faces significant barriers, including the absence of policies, resource constraints, inadequate funding, and poor infrastructure. While entrepreneurship can create jobs, boost individual earnings, and support national growth, South Africa lacks a formalised approach to integrating it into school curricula to equip learners with essential entrepreneurial skills and mindsets. This gap highlights an urgent need for strategic interventions to promote a culture of entrepreneurship among primary and secondary school learners. The aim of the study was, consequently, to explore the institutionalisation of entrepreneurship education as a strategic approach to improve entrepreneurial spirit in KwaZulu-Natal schools. To achieve this objective, along with the secondary objectives, both quantitative and qualitative research methods guided the data collection processes. The 356-respondent sample was selected using a nonprobability quota sampling technique, with data collected using a questionnaire and one-on-one interviews. The data obtained were captured, cleaned, and analysed using the latest statistical package for social sciences analysis software, SPSS, version 29.0. The institutionalisation of entrepreneurship was found achievable through entrepreneurial education integration as a compulsory subject of formal structures and systems of educational institutions, such as curriculum and policies. However, the study found the lack of policies, resources, and trained personnel remains a challenge, while the majority respondents felt the government is not doing enough to implement entrepreneurship education policy for basic education. This study provides both theoretical and practical implications for government, educators, learners, and parents, as well as business, society, and principals. The study also offers several recommendations, one of which suggests the government should consider developing an entrepreneurship education policy mandating educators to teach entrepreneurship from primary through secondary levels. The study further recommends that the Department of Basic Education should organise entrepreneurship workshops or training sessions, aimed at capacitating principals and entrepreneurship educators with entrepreneurial knowledge. These workshops and trainings should focus on product knowledge, conceptualisation of EED, marketing, and other critical aspects of entrepreneurship. Moreover, these workshops can serve as networking opportunities, fostering collaboration among educators and sharing best practices in EED. A theoretical framework addressing underlying factors such as the lack of comprehensive policy formulation, resource constraints, inadequate funding, and insufficient infrastructure is proposed. This framework is designed to be easily understood by policymakers and the government, enabling the efficient implementation of strategies to address the challenges of formalising and introducing entrepreneurship education in schools nationwide.
The use of social media as a communication tool in the KwaZulu-Natal Football Industry
(2025-05) Dzelwa, Asanda; Naidoo, P.; Hussain, Sameera Banu
The football industry has over the years revolutionised into a modernised game through social media platforms (Wang, Cheng, and Sun 2021: 102). Social media platforms such as Facebook and X (formerly known as Twitter) have been used globally among soccer stars, fans, and footballing clubs to communicate (Weimar, Holthoff, and Biscacia 2020: 335). Football clubs and marketers are exposed to advanced technology opportunities, transformations, and integration opportunities because of the development of social media platforms such as Facebook, X, Instagram, YouTube, Snapchat, LinkedIn etc. (Nairaine 2019: 223). Communication plays an integral role in the sporting industry. Communication is an important element that needs to be incorporated into an organisation’s communication strategy. Effective and well-managed communication is an essential component of any organisation. The aim of this study was to establish how social media is used as a communication tool in the KwaZulu-Natal football industry by three selected teams in building and maintaining healthy relationships with their stakeholders. A mixed research approach was applied consisting of a combination of qualitative and netnography techniques. A sample of 150 social media posts from three different social media platforms of the different teams were analysed and three social media managers of the teams were interviewed. The staff members of the teams were assessed through interview questions and the social media posts were assessed through non-participant observation by the researcher on social media platforms. The software (NVivo version 12) was employed in the data analysis process. The findings indicated that social media has become part and parcel of everyday life. Social media platforms such as Facebook, X, and Instagram have revolutionised communication, which makes it easier and more efficient for the teams to engage with their stakeholders and gauge their feelings and perception about the team. In the football industry, social media has been adopted by clubs as a tool to communicate and disseminate information, particularly to their fans. Although there may be initial barriers to a sports team's use of social media, research has shown that it can serve as a powerful tool for addressing social issues and fostering communication with fans. For instance, studies have demonstrated that teams leveraging social media platforms effectively to raise awareness about important social issues, engage with fans on a more personal level, and ultimately strengthen their community presence. McCarthy, Rowley and Keegan (2022: 513) stated that the use of social media as a communication tool by organisations can is a clear example of affiliation marketing. You and Hon (2019: 110) argued that that the use of social media consists of gaining access to the individual directly, in real time and through interaction and engagement which helps the organisation to shape the affiliation the seek to establish with the customers to make sharing of information easier. According to Hellsten, Jacobs and Wonneberger (2019: 35), social media platforms are differentiated from other forms of communication because social media encourages interaction and engagement on a large and collective scale. The study recommended that teams should make it a point to be consistent with their posts on their social media platforms. Another recommendation was that teams must invest in establishing a team that will work on their communication strategy for their social media so that they can engage effectively and actively with their audiences online.
Assessing the influence of financial literacy skills on small and medium business success in Mkhambathini
(2025-05) Mkhize, Joyful Sindisiwe; Olalekan David, Oladipo
The success of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) is vital for the economic growth of any emerging economy, including that of South Africa. The sector directly impacts the country’s growth prospects since it is a significant contributor to the gross domestic product (GDP) however, the failure rate of SMEs is high throughout the world, and South Africa is no different. This study adopted to examine the influence of financial literacy skills impact on SME success. The success and sustainability of any SME rely heavily on the technical skills to manage financial issues within the business. This study adopted a quantitative research approach by administering an in-depth questionnaire to SME owners or managers. This study was quantitative and descriptive. The empirical results revealed that efficient use of information on income, expenditure, borrowing, business protection and saving/investment has a significant impact on SMEs' success in Mkhambathini Municipality. This study concluded that financial literacy is an important tool for the success of a medium and small business because it helps to understand and evaluate the information needed to make daily decisions that have a financial impact on business. This study, therefore, recommends timely training of small business owners on how to use financial information attached to their businesses to achieve business growth within the shortest time in the region.
The influence of logistics management on food security in Ghana
(2025-05) Boakye, Helena Mary; Matsiliza, Noluthando S.; Buor, John K.
Research problem warehouse Food insecurity has been reported to be increasing in Ghana despite recent government logistics infrastructure (warehouses) efforts. It is important to understand the extent to which logistics affect the agricultural sector in Ghana as food production is a vital part of the agricultural sector and efficient logistics management is essential to its success, as such a well-run logistics operation can make the difference between a successful harvest and a poor one. Notably, Ghana’s food insecurity is snowballing in number and intensity and Ghana is among the countries with the highest post-harvest losses (PHL) in Sub-Saharan Africa. Several attempts have been made by successive administrations to curb the food insecurity issue with the adoption of contemporary policies involving the establishment of the infrastructure for poverty eradication programme (IPEP) initiative, nonetheless, these interventions influences are unknown as food security remains an earnest challenge for many households in Ghana. This study aims to develop a framework of logistics management that can be recommended to enhance food security. To design the framework, this study will measure the influence of logistics management on achieving food security in Ghana in objectives listed below: • Assess road transport type(s) for achieving food security in Ghana. • Measure warehouse packaging logistics contribution to attaining food security • Examine the relationship between logistics management and food security in Ghana • Analyse the influence of warehousing on Ghana's food security. • Examine the challenges of logistics management that affect agricultural food security • Recommend a Framework the government can adopt for sustainable improvement in logistics management in the food industry. Research methods and procedures This study adopted a mixed research methodology, where data was drawn from smaller holder farmers in two regions in Ghana. Questionnaire and interview schedules were deployed for data collection and analysed with regression, and correlation models as well as Sorensen's coefficient framework. Findings and conclusion At least 90 percent of foods produced in Ghana is found escaping post-harvest losses now with tricycle and head/human porterage being the primary means of transport, howbeit tricycle at (t (38) = 0.66, p=.51> level.05, n2 >0.01) achieves food security with more assurance, not despising the iii usefulness of Head/human porterage (t (38) =-1.57, p=.12, n2>1 percent) proving 99 percent safe to farmer PHL. This study finds that packaging logistics has a lesser impact on food security at R2 equaling one percent, p=0.029 in testing with the regression model. Overall, logistics management has an insignificant positive association with food security at p=0.073 and Pearson's R=0.149, positing a feeble (R2=1 percent) impact. The IPEP warehouse invariably has a weak insignificant influence on the recorded food security as evidenced by Pearson's correlation 'R=0.130'or r=0.067, with a p=0.188, R2 equaling one percent. Smallholder farmers fairly agree to the ranking of logistical challenges impeding food security in the agricultural sector indicating the most severe issue to be “high transportation costs”. Kendall's coefficient (W) of 0.388 or 39 percent is obtained, indicating that food security status depends on the ranking of enumerated challenges. Implication A meagre impact does logistics management have on Ghana’s food security denoting 99 percent of the country’s food security inexplicable by the predictor variable. The IPEP warehouse is doing little to stimulate contemporary food security of the nation meaning other latent variable(s) spearhead the rise of the criterion thus, craving for a further search Recommendation A need for a conscious national plan to furnish the warehouses with relevant technologies is proposed in this write-up, to improve the warehouse operations/functionality, a few relating to individual logistics are discussed as follows; Transport logistics; the government to setup efficient transport by supplying tricycles (be self-owned or under a private partnership), integrating ICT to ease farmer access economically IPEP WRS; The IPEP model is to be an effective WRS kind of warehouse, therefore, the study advocates for the provision of unit load formation equipment (e.g., pallets and skids), transport equipment (e.g., sack-trucks and pallet/lift-trucks), storage equipment (e.g., shelves and racks), dryers, cleaners, timely fumigation, and consistent/stable electricity befitting a WRS. iv Packaging logistics; The Government regulates or subsidises the cost of the hermetic bags, takes charge of its supply, and provides packaging and repacking machines to fast-track packaging at the warehouse. Contribution to the Field of Study Efficient logistics management is essential to the success of food production which is a vital part of the agricultural industry/sector as such a well-run logistics operation can guarantee a successful harvest. To warrant efficiency in the management of logistics in the agricultural industry/sector modern technologies involving digitisation should be adopted/embraced to streamline logistics operations, improve customer/farmer experiences, reduce cost and gain a competitive edge in the market. This includes the use of cloud-based platforms, and mobile apps to manage logistics operations more efficiently to reduce food post-harvest losses to an acceptable minimum. Adopting and utilising new technologies efficaciously can be achieved sustainably in Ghana’s agricultural industry/sector by partnering with technology vendors, hiring skilled Information Technologists, and training farmers as well as logisticians like warehouse management on the need to embrace modern technologies for a successful food post-harvest handling, therefore the study augments the interconnected disciples of logistics and supply chain management with their interdependence/interconnected operations serving as an enabler for developing economies governments (like Ghana) to harness advancements following transformations thereby ensuring competitiveness and facilitating growth via paving the way for innovation, growth and sustainability to enhance food (like grains) production catering with sufficiency for population growth’s high demand. Thus, stimulating developments in technologies by embracing the challenge of digitisation and bettering technologies for the efficacious handling of food (grains) within and across nations via a conscious national plan.
The role of performance management systems on the technical efficiency of academics in public higher education institutions in KwaZulu-Natal
(2025-05) Ngxito, Nomfundiselo Constance; Khumalo, Njabulo; Eyono, Pauline
This study aimed to investigate the role of performance management systems on the technical efficiency of academics in public higher education institutions in KwaZulu-Natal. A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the outcome and exposures of the research participants simultaneously. The mixed methods approach was utilised to collect and analyse the quantitative and qualitative data. The study involved academic staff at the University of Zululand, University of KwaZulu-Natal and Durban University of Technology. Questionnaires and interviews were used to collect primary data from the research participants. Quantitative data were collected from 170 respondents who were mobilised through stratified sampling method, while the qualitative data were collected from 12 participants through a purposive sampling approach. The quantitative data was analysed using SPSS, 27, whereas the qualitative data was analysed using NVivo, version 13. Statistically, Pearson's correlation and linear regression were performed to assess the relationship between performance management systems and technical efficiency among academics in public higher education institutions in KwaZulu-Natal. The results showed that while Pearson's correlation indicated a strong positive relationship between the performance management system implementation and academic's technical efficiency, the linear regression results showed no relationship between the implementation of the performance management system and academic research efficiency. Pearson's and linear regression results indicated no positive relationship between PMS implementation and academic efficiency research. Moreover, Pearson's correlation and linear regression results revealed no positive relationship between PMS implementation and teaching within South African higher education institutions, and no positive correlation between the implementation of PMS and other academic or service-related activities. By contrast, the qualitative findings indicated that implementing a performance management system impacted academics’ technical efficiency in terms of teaching and learning, other related academic activities, and research and innovation. This study contributes to the body of knowledge by determining how performance management systems impact academics’ technical efficiency in higher education institutions. Theoretically, the study contributes to the theory and practice regarding employees' perceived effectiveness of the performance management system toward improving academics’ technical efficiency.
The inclusion of design thinking as a tool for entrepreneurship at the Durban University of Technology
(2025-05) Thiba, Owami Ntobeko Shane; Motaung, Keolebogile
The volatile nature of the entrepreneurship environment requires specific characteristics from individuals entering the field. These traits can be developed through entrepreneurial learning, utilising a method- and design-based approach known as design thinking (DT). Design Thinking prioritises the entrepreneurial process, particularly the mindset and skills of student entrepreneurs. It also encourages student-centred learning by ensuring that the acquired skills are applicable to real-life situations. The study evaluated the inclusion of DT as an entrepreneurship and business development tool at the Durban University of Technology. Entrepreneurial learning through a design-based and method approach was conceptualised. A quantitative research approach was used, focussed on students who have either enrolled in entrepreneurship modules that follow the DT approach or in courses that do not follow the DT approach, for comparative purposes. The collection of data was done using a semi-structured questionnaire. Thereafter, SPSS version 24 was used to analyse the collected data. The study results showed a lack of awareness concerning DT, and that most participants have not enrolled in DT boot camps or workshops. This lack is evident in the limited number of ventures undertaken by participants. In conclusion an intervention is recommended which will allow the incorporation of DT into the Higher Education Institution curriculum to foster innovation and the execution of novel ideas.
Internal organisational communication and change management : a glocal perspective
(2025-05) du Plessis, Yâchal; Rawjee, Veena Parboo
Communication is the heartbeat of any organisation and forms a fundamental part of managing emergent change in dynamic organisations. With communication models still largely being influenced and guided by post-colonial, western and eastern influences, a glocal approach to the communication process is better positioned as an appropriate solution for a diverse workforce. Added to this is the impact external changes have on an organisation, such as globalization, technological changes, social and economic changes. Organizations now more than ever have been forced to either adapt or die. Although communication is viewed as important, internal organisational communication is often overlooked by management as an important tool in managing emergent change in diverse workforces. Cultural and organisational capacities, as dynamic variables are instrumental in influencing and informing the process and thus efficiency of internal organisational communication. To explore the application of the Chaos Theory as a framework for integrating South African culture into the internal communication processes, the study used a quantitative research method to survey a selected automotive group in KwaZulu-Natal. It explored the communication processes and practices of various hierarchical levels of the organisation under study and used two different sampling strategies; namely, criterion for management and maximum variation sampling for staff in non-management positions. A multivariant statistical method was used to analyze the data. The findings from the study revealed that current models of internal organisational communication are limited in terms of their appropriateness from a glocal perspective. Furthermore, the findings confirmed the appropriateness of the Chaos Theory as a framework for using internal organisational communication as a tool for managing emergent change within a diverse workforce. Based on the presented gaps in literature and findings from the study, the study presented the original contribution to the body of knowledge: A Glocal Process for Managing Emergent Change with Internal Organisational Communication
Reducing gender-based violence at the great Zimbabwe University
(2025-05) Rumutsa, Francisca; Kaye, Sylvia Blanche
Globally, institutions of higher learning are exposed to gender-based violence (GBV) and are feeling the impacts of its consequences, even though they are less willing to acknowledge its existence. Gender forms a fundamental component of both personal and collective distinctiveness, and disturbingly, GBV maintains a relentless presence in education. GBV is a global scourge, more specifically for educational institutions, habitually assumed to be peaceful ‘ivory towers’ and invulnerable to actions of violence. Across the globe, GBV cases continue to turn up at startling rates, and Zimbabwe is not exempted. The study sought to examine the nature, causes, extent and effects of GBV and devise, and implement an intervention plan (an action research component) at an institution of higher learning. This was achieved through focus group discussions with 10 male and 10 female undergraduate students and interviews with 5 male and 5 female undergraduate students. GBV was found to be prevalent and mainly existing as sexual harassment (transactional relationship between lecturers and female students, student to student intimate partner violence), cases of physical, emotional and spiritual abuse were also indicated to exist at the institution. Though GBV is prevalent, few cases are reported, which may be the reason for failure by authorities to acknowledge its existence. The study adopted the Participatory Action research method in trying to reduce GBV. After exploring and expounding the GBV phenomenon, an action team with five male students was formed to answer the second part of the study. The team agreed it was best to conduct an educational training workshop with first year male students to impart positive attitudes and constructive masculinities that encourage gender equality and discourage violence perpetration. A one-day gender transformative workshop was, therefore, conducted with 15 first year male students. This helped them unlearn toxic attitudes and some myths associated with GBV. There is need for HTEIs to put in place efficient, accessible and trusted 24 hr crisis response system to encourage reporting of cases and prompt case solving. Universities should also develop GBV sensitive budgeting and advisory boards with the aid of government to secure sufficient and adequate information and funding for preventative programmes
Supply chain management system challenges in the eThekwini District of the South African Police Service
(2024) Nduli, Delisile Portia; Fagbadebo, Omololu Michael
The concept of Supply Chain Management system challenges in the South African Police Service (SAPS) involve issues such as procurement delays, inadequate infrastructure, limited technology integration, and potential corruption. These factors can hinder the efficiency of the supply chain, impacting on the timely provision of essential resources for law enforcement activities. Addressing these challenges requires strategic planning, technology upgrades, and stringent oversight to ensure transparency and accountability in the procurement process. The research objectives were to examine the extent of SAPS management in the eThekwini District with the principles and practices of the Supply Chain Management system to ascertain the level of competence of personnel in the Supply Chain Management Department and the challenges of the SAPS in the eThekwini District; to identify the challenges associated with Supply Chain Management in the eThekwini District in the SAPS and to submit proposals and recommendations that may enhance the challenges and change and make SCM more effective since it is the core of the organisation. The research adopted a qualitative design with the required data collection methods and analysis techniques. Primary empirical data was collected through in-depth interviews, public documents, and archival materials, such as reports, records, events, and decisions. In this study, the population comprised of the personnel in the SCM departments in the 42 (forty-two) SAPS stations in the eThekwini District. The sample for this study comprised of 10 (ten) stations. The selected participants were those who were directly involved in procurement process in the SCM unit. The main contribution of this research was to enhance the internal control of SCM to mitigate the risk of fraud, corruption, and non-compliance; to improve staff compliance to ensure growth and development of both internal employees and the management. The reason of this study is to reduce challenges to the Organisation, within the sub-component, SCM in the South African Police Service
The roles of supervisor dark triad traits and ICT adoption on employee engagement and organizational outcomes in Ghanaian technical universities
(2024) Yawson, Monica Dede Tekyi Ansah; Khumalo, Njabulo; Ngidi, Lucia Zithobile
Employee engagement is a key factor influencing positive organizational outcomes, such as job satisfaction and enhanced performance. This study explores the impact of employee engagement in Ghana's technical universities using the Job-Demands Resource theory, Affective Event theory, and Activation theory. It examines ICT adoption as a mediator and supervisor Dark Triad traits as a moderator in the relationship between employee engagement and organizational outcomes. The study employs a descriptive and explanatory research design with a positivist philosophy, targeting 3,003 teaching and non-teaching staff from five Ghanaian technical universities. From a sample size of 341, 280 valid responses were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Findings indicate that employee engagement positively affects both task and citizenship performance, is correlated with ICT adoption, and ICT adoption partially mediates the relationship between employee engagement and organizational outcomes. The direct impact of supervisor Dark Triad traits, specifically Machiavellianism and narcissism, was not supported, while psychopathy affected organizational outcomes. Supervisor Dark Triad traits did not moderate the employee engagement-organizational outcomes relationship. The study underscores the importance of fostering employee engagement and ICT adoption in Ghana's technical universities to enhance performance. It also highlights the need for awareness and management of negative supervisor traits, particularly psychopathy. These insights contribute to the literature and provide practical recommendations for leaders and managers in educational institutions to promote employee engagement and leverage technology for organizational success.
Integrated development plan as a service delivery instrument in Ehlanzeni
(2024) Simelane, Mafikizolo John; Nohumba, Izekiel
This study examines the Integrated Development Plan (IDP) as a service delivery instrument in Ehlanzeni District Municipality. It assesses alignment of the IDP and the Service Delivery and Budget Implementation Plan (SDBIP) of the local municipalities found in the Ehlanzeni district (Bushbuckridge, City of Mbombela, Nkomazi and Thaba Chweu). The study also explores the relevance of four theories to the IDP, namely stakeholder, sustainable development, new public management and governance theory. The study aim is to provide a guiding framework for the effective operationalisation of the IDP as a service delivery tool in South Africa. The study examines the legislative and technical aspects of the IDP. The importance of this is that legislation helps in the management of public policy, providing the steps to be taken when these strategic municipal plans are crafted, in order for them to be legitimised. A mixed-method approach was used to gather data, with the advantage of this approach the ability to reach participants geographically spaced in the shortest time and at low cost. The qualitative approach enabled an in-depth understanding of the IDP in Ehlanzeni district. Responses were received from 172 participants to the questionnaires issued and 19 municipal officials were interviewed by the researcher, with triangulation of results also done in this study. The study found an alignment of the IDP and the SDBIP in Ehlanzeni, important as it ensures the budgets are in sync, and activities are easily monitored. The study also determined, for the IDP to be effective, stakeholders should be prioritised to ensure their needs are captured in the IDP formulation. It was also noted not all needs can be captured in the IDP, however, ranking them and ensuring they do not affect the needs of future generations should be done. The sustainable development theory contributes considerably to ensure when planning is done it does not only focus on the current period but also on generations to come, as was found. The study thus confirms previous studies on participation, sustainability, and the IDP. In addition, the findings further show to ensure IDP effectiveness of as a service delivery tool, the goals set by municipalities should be SMART (specific, measurable, objective, realistic and time-based). The participants confirmed the goals in their respective municipalities are SMART. The NPM theory relevance is also shown by the municipalities' commitment to results, with teams to develop PMS and evaluation of performance. These systems help monitor progress and make adjustments in short spaces of time to remedy these. The findings from the literature and study were used to craft a model that will guide the operationalisation of the IDP as a service delivery tool in South Africa.
Social justice and the role of business: a case study of Sorbet franchisees in KwaZulu-Natal
(2024-08) Anderson, Andrea Avril; Lekhanya, Lawrence Mpele
Small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) are crucial to the nation's prosperity. A robust SME sector significantly contributes to the economy's Gross Domestic Product by lowering poverty and unemployment rates and encouraging entrepreneurship. Despite their substantial relevance and contribution to economic growth, SMEs worldwide— particularly in South Africa—continue to suffer a number of difficulties. This study explored the role of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in promoting social justice and business transformation in KwaZulu-Natal. The growth and prevalence of SMEs are both noticeably low in KwaZulu-Natal. As a result, the objectives of the study are to examine the difficulties in KwaZulu-Natal with regard to SME funding and governmental support for Sorbet, to identify the function of change management in advancing Sorbet's social justice in KwaZulu-Natal and to list the social justice initiatives that Sorbet in KwaZulu-Natal has implemented and to establish Sorbet, the chosen SME, and its plans for promoting transformational business in KwaZulu-Natal. Sorbet is a well-known network of beauty and wellness salons that is well regarded for its exceptional services and dedication to promoting social justice and improving the society. Sorbet effectively incorporates corporate social responsibility into their business strategy, actively participating in a range of social issues such as women's empowerment, youth development, and community assistance projects. The brand's inclusive policies and commitment to ensuring equal opportunities for workers and customers demonstrate the important role that companies can have in advancing social change and justice in society. The study examined the various forms of social justice and business transformation strategies perceived by employees and managers of a selected SME, Sorbet, in KwaZulu-Natal. The research design adopts a quantitative approach with a pre coded structured questionnaire administered to the selected sample. Using Sekaran and Bougie's (2016) computed statistical table, out of a target population of 330 elements, the sample equated to n = 181. The simple random sample without replacement was used to select the requisite selection. The researcher collected the completed questionnaires, capturing the data to form a data set. The questionnaire used for this study included a mix of structured questions with closed-ended responses and Likert-scale statements. These were designed to target a specific area and gather accurate data that could be analysed statistically. This was statistically tested using the more robust tools of parametric tests with the aid of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The statistical breakdown was performed in two stages, specifically a descriptive statistical analysis and inferential statistics to evaluate the hypotheses. Several significant findings emerged from the thorough theoretical examination of the statistics. Furthermore, these findings were corroborated by other authors and researchers who conducted comparable investigations and whose results were analysed in relation to the findings of the present study. The study contributes academically to the field of Management, specifically the SME sector, within South Africa and explores its adaptability to the South African context. The research design includes descriptive statistics for the quantitative data gathered in the form of graphs, cross-tabulations, and other figures. Examples of inferential techniques include correlations and chi-square test results, which are interpreted using p-values. A statistical significance statement is typically used to report a result. A test statistic generates a p-value. "p 0.05" indicates a significant finding. "p 0.05" indicates an important finding. The exploratory framework created as a model for Sorbet, in conjunction with the study's findings and suggestions, may prove useful for future goal-oriented strategies by the Organisation. The study concludes with recommendations for future research in this emerging field.

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