Load frequency control of a hydro dominating interconnected power system

Abstract

Energy is one of the vital figures that impact the development of civilization in the 21st century. It has been projected that by the year 2050, global energy needs will be satisfied by renewable sources. Among these renewable energy resources hydropower is available worldwide with relatively cheaper accessibility for most of the communities. Nevertheless, hydropower's control architecture raises concern for the system operators in terms of preserving the Load Frequency Control (LFC) services due to the elongated response time of hydro turbines in catering for the varying load demands. The varying load demands are inevitable in the power system due to different clients’ energy consumption patterns at different times. This, therefore, places changing control framework requests as per the requirement of diverse clients. Hence, the research proposes and demonstrates the connection of the hydro-hydro framework through the AC tie- line for LFC. The Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) is a plan for hydro overseeing framework in discrete mode. The application derived is displayed through closed- loop feedback gains and closed-loop eigenvalues. In the expansion model, the positive effect of a Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) and Redox Flow Battery (RFB) in LFC studies is investigated. This proposition moreover shows the joint endeavors of Fuzzy Logic (FL) as well as Proportional Integral Derivative (PID), with control gains well-calculated, through Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) result into a robust FL-PSO-PID for LFC of the connected hydro framework. The different errors are defined to assess the yield as well as the execution of the FL-PSO-PID. The yield appears through a decline in blunder values as well as minimization in framework responses from accurate estimation for the LFC under various working conditions such as non- linearity, random load alteration, and parametric move as a result of a precise estimate. In the expansion, the effect of energy storage devices is also investigated to understand the enhancement provided frequency control of the hydro system, and the result obtained shows their effectiveness. Finally, the outcomes and future extent of this investigation work have been presented.