Living with diabetes : managing treatment and the psycho-social aspects of the disease

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM), frequently know as diabetes, is a metabolic disorder with multiple genetic and environmental factors that is characterized by hyperglycemia due to defects in carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism caused by insulin deficient action on target tissues caused by insulin insensitivity or lack of insulin or both. Diabetes is becoming more prevalent around the world and in South Africa. Diabetes treatment requires lifelong therapy to prevent acute and chronic complications. However psychosocial factors have been shown to play a significant role in both aetiology and management of the disease. This study aimed to explore diabetics' experiences of living with the disease, the emotional and social factors associated with living with the disease and managing its treatment. A qualitative research approach was used to guide this study. A non-probability sampling method was used to recruit 16 participants across three racial groupings (African, White and Indian), who were recruited through the Diabetic Association. Data was collected using a semi-structed interview guide. The interview sessions were recorded verbatim, and the data was then analysed using thematic analysis to extract relevant themes and sub-themes. Two factors, namely, level of education and type of healthcare treatment received, was found contributed to the participants awareness and knowledge of diabetes. The stress associated with diabetes management was found to affect the participants psychologically which reflects that the disease not only has physical effects but other emotional and social ramifications as well. Moreover, the study documented the salience of strong family support and diabetes management. Cultural practices were also identified as a factor that influenced the management of diabetes. Some participants also identified their religious faith, particularly prayer as being a significant support system, which brought peace and calm to their lives and enabled them to cope with their condition.