A ciritical deconstruction of political discource and symbols : the case of (mis)representation and manipulation in Nigerian politics

Abstract

Using Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) and Multimodal Discourse Analysis (MDA), this study deconstructs political discourse obtained from the Nigerian political arena. Employing a qualitative research method, where a case-study design is engaged, the study examines linguistic (mis)representation and manipulation in Nigerian political settings, drawing from instances of linguistic and symbolic materials, as observed from different political endeavours. The study discusses the use of language in Nigerian politics, in an attempt to understand how discourse and symbols are used to manipulate the masses, as well as (mis)represent the politicians. I investigate how language is used by politicians to gain more audience, and, as a result, shape opinions that result in votes. Several themes were developed in the analysis. Important themes are represented in a Wordle analysis. The Wordle analysis presents actual keywords that emanated from the scrutinising of collected data. Linguistic items, such as corruption, Boko Haram, insecurity, power, and support, as well as fight, and God among others, are evident in the Wordle representation. The study realized that manipulation in political discourse could be achieved through different means, such as: through service delivery; religion; situation of the nation; and crafty linguistic expressions; along with ethnic influence; and visuals. Furthermore, the research identified the notion of intertextuality as having a strong hold in political discourse through resemiotisation, repurposing, recontextualisation and recycling of texts. I confirmed that power resides within discourse and as such, discourse can be used to achieve several goals. The work demonstrated how politicians exploit political messages to achieve their political aims using both lexical and visual means. I strongly contend that discourse is powerful, and thus, has the ability to exploit and influence people. Importantly, the study proposed a theoretical model or framework for the analysis of misrepresentation and manipulation in political discourse, as well as other forms of discourse.